国家外管局


对个人的外汇管理施行细则(附英文)
国家外管局




一、为贯彻执行《中华人民共和国外汇管理暂行条例》第三章的规定，特制定本细则。
二、居住在中国境内的中国人、外国侨民和无国籍人，收到由外国和港澳等地区汇入的外汇，必须结售给中国银行；对每笔人民币三千元（含三千元）以上的大额汇款，允许留存10％的外汇。
上述结售给中国银行所得的人民币，都可以享受优待侨汇的有关待遇。
三、居住在中国境内的中国人在中华人民共和国成立前、华侨在回国定居前、港澳同胞在回乡定居前存放在外国或者港澳等地区的外汇，以及在中华人民共和国成立后和回国、回乡定居后，在外国或者港澳等地区继承财产所得外汇，委托中国银行调回境内的，允许留存30％的外汇；
其余70％在结汇后所得的人民币，可以享受优待侨汇的有关待遇。
居住在中国境内的外国侨民和无国籍人，委托中国银行调入其存放在境外的外汇或者调入其继承境外财产所得外汇，留存比例比照上款办理。
四、华侨、港澳同胞等在回国或者回乡定居时，携入或者汇入的外汇，在入境后两个月内向银行申请，允许留存30％的外汇；其余70％在结汇后所得的人民币，可以享受优待侨汇的有关待遇。
上述携入外汇的留存申请，须提供海关申报单才能办理。
五、国家派赴外国或者港澳等地区的工作人员公毕返回，必须将属于个人的工资、津贴等剩余的外汇及时汇回或者携回境内，不得存放境外；凭我驻外机构证明，允许个人留存。
六、国家派赴外国或者港澳等地区学习的留学生、实习生、研究生、学者、教师、教练和其他人员，在境外期间收入外汇的剩余部分，在返回时，必须及时汇回或者携回境内，不得存放境外；其中属于个人应得的外汇，凭我驻外机构证明，允许留存。
七、个人的发明创造、著作等在境外发表、出版和以个人名义出境讲演、讲学，或者向境外报纸、杂志、专业刊物投稿等所得的出版费、版权费、奖金、补助金和稿费等外汇，必须及时调入境内，不得存放境外；按照国务院和有关部委批准的有关规定，或者经国家外汇管理总局同意，
属于个人应得的部分，允许留存。
八、上述各条规定允许个人留存的外汇，必须存入中国银行。该项外币存款，可以汇出境外，也可以凭中国银行证明携出境外；如兑换人民币，可以享受优待侨汇的有关待遇。但是，不得将存款凭证私自携带、托带或者邮寄出境。
个人留存外汇的务理，不得违反《中华人民共和国外汇管理暂行条例》第四条第二款的规定。
九、居住在中国境内的中国人、外国侨民和无国籍人，存放在中国境内的外汇，允许个人持有。但是，不得私自携带、托带或者邮寄出境；如需出售，必须卖给中国银行，并比照本细则第二条的规定办理。
十、来中国的外国人，短期回国的华侨、回乡的港澳同胞，应聘在中国境内机构工作的外籍专家、技术人员、职工，以及外籍留学生、实习生等，由外国或者港澳等地区汇入或者携入的外汇，可以自行保存，可以卖给或者存入中国银行，也可以凭海关原入境申报单汇出或者携出境外。

十一、应聘在中国境内机构工作的外籍专家、技术人员和职工，需要申请汇出或者携出外汇，由中国银行按照合同、协议的有关规定办理。
十二、本细则经国务院批准，由国家外汇管理总局发布施行。(附英文)


Important Notice: (注意事项)

英文本源自中华人民共和国务院法制局编译, 中国法制出版社出版的《中华人民
共和国涉外法规汇编》(1991年7月版).
当发生歧意时, 应以法律法规颁布单位发布的中文原文为准.
This English document is coming from the "LAWS AND REGULATIONS OF THE
PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GOVERNING FOREIGN-RELATED MATTERS" (1991.7)
which is compiled by the Brueau of Legislative Affairs of the State
Council of the People's Republic of China, and is published by the China
Legal System Publishing House.
In case of discrepancy, the original version in Chinese shall prevail.

Whole Document (法规全文)

RULES FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF FOREIGN EXCHANGE CONTROL RELATING
TO INDIVIDUALS
(Approved by the State Council on December 31, 1981, promulgated
by the State Administration of Foreign Exchange Control on December 31,
1981)
Article 1
These Rules are formulated in order to implement the provisions of Chapter
III of the Interim Regulations on Foreign Exchange Control of the People's
Republic of China.
Article 2
When Chinese, foreign nationals and stateless persons residing in China,
receive foreign exchange remitted from foreign countries or from Hong
Kong, Macao or other regions, they must sell it to the Bank of China; they
shall be permitted to retain 10% in foreign exchange of each single large
remittance that is equivalent to 3,000 yuan or more in Renminbi.
All owners shall enjoy the relevant preferential treatment for overseas
Chinese remittances with respect to the Renminbi that they receive through
sales of foreign exchange remittances to the Bank of China as mentioned
above.
Article 3
When entrusting the Bank of China, to repatriate the foreign exchange that
was kept in foreign countries or in Hong Kong, Macao or other regions by
Chinese residing in China prior to the founding of the People's Republic
of China, by overseas Chinese prior to their returning to and settling
down in China, or by Hong Kong and Macao compatriots prior to their
returning to and settling down in their native places, and to repatriate
the foreign exchange received by inheriting property in foreign countries
or in Hong Kong, Macao or other regions by Chinese residing in China after
the founding of the People's Republic of China, by overseas Chinese after
their returning to and settling down in China, or by Hong Kong and Macao
compatriots after their returning to and settling down in their native
places, the owners shall be permitted to retain 30% of the foreign
exchange; as to the Renminbi received after the remaining 70% is
converted, the owners may enjoy the relevant preferential treatment for
overseas Chinese remittances.
Foreign nationals and stateless persons residing in China, when entrusting
the Bank of China to repatriate foreign exchange that they have kept
abroad or that they have received by inheriting property outside China,
shall be permitted to retain a portion of the foreign exchange in
accordance with the percentage as stipulated in the preceding paragraph.

Article 4
When overseas Chinese and Hong Kong and Macao compatriots, etc. return to
and settle down in China or in their native places, they shall be
permitted to retain 30% of the foreign exchange that they remit or bring
into, if they apply to the Bank within two months after their entry; as to
the Renminbi received after the remaining 70% is converted, the owners may
enjoy the relevant preferential treatment for overseas Chinese
remittances. The application for permission to retain a portion of the
foreign exchange brought into as mentioned above can be made only on the
strength of the relevant Customs declaration form.
Article 5
When personnel sent by the State to work in foreign countries or in Hong
Kong, Macao or other regions return home upon completion of their
missions, they must promptly remit or bring back to China the remaining
foreign exchange from wages, allowances, etc. that belongs to them, and it
shall not be kept abroad; they shall be permitted to retain the foreign
exchange on the strength of certification issued by Chinese organizations
stationed abroad.
Article 6
Students, trainees, postgraduate students, scholars, teachers, coaches and
other personnel who are sent by the State to study in foreign countries or
in Hong Kong, Macao or other regions must, upon their return, promptly
remit or bring back to China the remaining amount of the foreign exchange
that they have received during their stay abroad, and it shall not be kept
abroad; they shall be permitted to retain the foreign exchange that they
are entitled to receive, on the strength of certification issued by
Chinese organizations stationed abroad.
Article 7
The foreign exchange from fees for publication, copyright royalties,
awards, stipend, author's remuneration, etc. earned by individuals for
publications of their inventions, writings and the like abroad, for
speeches and lectures made in their own names outside China, for their
contributions to foreign newspapers, magazines and specialized journals,
etc., must promptly be repatriated and shall not be kept abroad;
individuals shall be permitted to retain the foreign exchange that they
are entitled to receive according to the relevant provisions approved by
the State Council or the ministries or commissions concerned, or with the
approval of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange Control.
Article 8
The foreign exchange that individuals are permitted to retain under the
preceding Articles must be deposited with the Bank of China. Such deposits
in foreign currency may be remitted abroad or may be taken abroad on the
strength of certification issued by the Bank of China; if these deposits
are converted into Renminbi, the owners may enjoy the relevant
preferential treatment for overseas Chinese remittances. However, these
deposit certificates may not, without authorization, be carried or sent
out of China either by holders or by others or by post.
The foreign exchange retained by individuals may not be dealt with in
violation of the provisions in paragraph 2, Article 4 of the Interim
Regulations on Foreign Exchange Control of the People's Republic of China.

Article 9
Chinese, foreign nationals and stateless persons residing in China shall
be permitted to keep in their own possession the foreign exchange already
in China. However, such foreign exchange shall not, without authorization,
be carried or sent out of China by owners or others or by post; if the
owners need to sell the foreign exchange, they must sell it to the Bank of
China, and the matter shall be handled by applying mutatis mutandis the
provisions of Article 2 of these Rules.
Article 10
The foreign exchange remitted or brought into China from foreign countries
or from Hong Kong, Macao or other regions by foreign nationals coming to
China, by overseas Chinese and Hong Kong and Macao compatriots returning
for a short stay, by foreign experts, technicians, staff and workers
engaged to work in China, and by foreign students and trainees, etc., may
be kept in their own possession, may be sold to or deposited with the Bank
of China, or may be remitted or taken out of China on the strength of the
original Customs declaration form filled out at the time of entry.
Article 11
When foreign experts, technicians, staff members and workers engaged to
work in organizations within China need to apply for remitting or taking
abroad their foreign exchange, the Bank of China shall handle the matter
in accordance with the stipulations as provided in the relevant contracts
or agreements.
Article 12
These Rules shall be promulgated and put into effect by the State
Administration of Foreign Exchange Control upon approval by the State
Council.



1981年12月31日
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　浅议留守儿童的教育成长

　　　　　　　　　　　　北安市人民法院 王胜宇、钱丽星

留守学生的教育管理问题不仅仅是教育领域的问题，更是复杂的社会问题。解决或缓解农村留守学生教育问题是政府、社会、学校和家长的共同责任，要努力形成关注留守学生的正向合力，为留守儿童健康成长创造一个良好的育人环境。　　首先，建立留守儿童教育的新模式；1.强化政府职能，发挥政府主导作用。各地党委、政府在抓社会经济发展的同时，把留守儿童教育工作纳入各地经济社会发展总体规划，作为促进城乡发展、构建和谐社会的重要内容。要向上争取政府的重视，横向争取妇联、共青团、公安、民政、工商、计生委、乡村和社区的扶持配合，向下要求各学校齐心协心齐抓共管的工作局面。　　2.强化教育职能，发挥学校主体作用。学校是留守学生教育的主阵地，发挥着教育的主体作用，各中小学校要从培养社会主义优秀建设者和接班人的高度，全面贯彻落实党的教育方针，牢固树立以人为本的教育理念，充分发挥学校在教书育人过程中的主导作用，做到“为了一切学生，为了学生一切，一切为了学生”。　　
　　3.创造良好的家庭氛围，家长要摒弃落后狭隘的思想观念，对子女的教育问题予以重视。一般来说，完整的家庭能够给子女提供较为有利的教育和发展环境。正因为留守儿童的父母多数都不在身边，一定程度上造成了家庭教育的某种缺失。虽然父母平常不能在留守儿童身边教育和照顾，但父母可以通过电话、写信等方式与子女进行经常的情感交流，积极主动地关心他们的生活和学习情况，对他们取得的每一点进步都予以鼓励，运用正确的科学的教育和沟通方式，真正关心子女的健康成长，并且及时把握留守儿童的思想动态，并予以积极健康的引导。同时，应树立科学的教育观念。对于留守儿童身上存在的不良问题不能一味地打骂和斥责，运用科学的教育方式对孩子晓之以理，动之以情，让孩子自身意识到错误所在，从根本上解决问题。在科学的教育理念指导下的教育效果更加显著。其中需要特别指出的一点，便是父母应全力支持子女的教育，保证其接受义务教育的权利，充分认识到教育对自身成长所起的重要作用，鼓励子女认真读书，帮助其树立正确的世界观、人生观、价值观。即便不在孩子身边，也应随时了解子女的学习和成长情况，与孩子积极进行沟通的同时，也要与代养人和老师保持紧密的联系，以便发现孩子不良的思想动态，及时地予以引导和教育，避免不良行为的发生，促使孩子健康成长。　　
　　其次，建立留守儿童教育制度；1.家校联系制度。加强学校与家庭或监护家庭的联系，加强双方的互访、互动工作，达到了解、交流和沟通的目的。一是充分发挥家长学校的作用，不断强化家庭教育管理工作；二是建立“爱心家访”制度，班主任和科任教师针对各个学生的不同表现，不定期进行家访，邀请家长或委托监护人进行校访，及时交流留守学生的学习生活情况，加强教育管理。　　2.档案管理制度。学校为每个留守儿童建立档案袋或档案卡，详细记录学生成长情况；学校指定专人负责建档及管理工作，并不断补充更新档案内容。　　3.结对帮扶制度。各中小学应该组织学校教职工对留守学生进行“一对一”的结对帮扶，随时掌握孩子的思想、学习、生活方面的情况及困难，并及时帮助解决；对走读的留守学生，结对的教师定期进行走访，及时反馈孩子在校期间的情况，会同监护人共同做好孩子的思想教育工作。　　4.节假日联系制度。双休日或节假日是留守学生自我支配的时间，在这段时间里，学生一方面在学习上缺少必要的指导而感到无助；另一方面，与祖辈间因认知代沟、心理代沟而缺少沟通，易受到社会不良风气侵蚀，形成“家庭管不好，学校管不到”的“真空时段”。根据上述问题，教师要定期到孩子家走访，也可以电话联系，确保节假日期间孩子有人管、有人问。　　5.应急处理制度。各学校建立完善安全教育和管理的各项规章制度，层层建立安全工作责任制和安全工作预案，建立留守学生突发事件的应急机制，建立突发疾病、安全事故等启动应急处理预案，确保留守学生的身心健康。　　6.伙伴牵手制度。即鼓励非留守学生与留守学生之间自愿结成成长伙伴关系，结对伙伴尽自己所能给对方精神鼓励和学习帮助，充分体验伙伴关爱，互帮互助、取长补短、勤奋学习、快乐生活。　　7.自主教育制度。自主教育是留守学生成长的有效途径，要组织留守学生参与生产劳动实践，培养他们的生活自主意识，通过举办心理、法律、礼仪、环保、安全等知识讲座，增强留守学生自我调节、自我保护和遵纪守法意识，提高自我管理能力。　　再次，确立留守学生教育新方法；1.狠抓心理健康教育。留守学生普遍存在心理亚健康问题，各学校要结合实际开设好德育课程，有条件的要设立“心理咨询室”、“倾诉信箱”，配备专、兼职心理辅导教师，有针对性地开展心理咨询活动，增强学生的心理调适能力；建立留守学生与父母或监护人交流与沟通的“绿色通道”，开通亲情电话、亲子信箱等，让学生家长与孩子定期保持联系，使家长在外务工放心，使孩子在校学习安心。　　2.狠抓教育方法改革。各地要注重因材施教，激发学生学习兴趣，培养学生的个性、爱好和特长，杜绝留守学生因厌学而流失。大力推进新课程改革，转变教育观念，运用新的教育方法教学，减轻学生课业负担，努力培养学生自主学习能力，全面提高学生综合素质，收到了较好的效果。　　3.狠抓家长学校建设。“工欲善其事，必先利其器”，各中小学要全面开设家长学校，定期举行培训班、座谈会、报告会等，加强了对孩子家长或其他监护人的教育和培训，使之树立家教意识，学习家教知识，转变教育方式，切实提高教育和监护孩子的水平。
　　最后，提供必要的学习条件，但不过度地满足，在调查中发现，有些父母因为常年在外，心理上觉得对子女有所亏欠，一般会提供更好的物质条件，但殊不知，这样未见得能够真正弥补子女缺少父母在身边的关爱对其造成的心理“创伤”。相反，过度的物质满足和经济供给容易为子女的不良行为提供条件，在外界的诱惑下，更容易陷入其中，无法自拔，如沉溺于网吧、游戏厅等娱乐场所。所以，父母应转变心态，更多地注重与子女的情感交流和心理沟通，从精神上关心子女的发展。